{"id":2921,"date":"2022-12-29T14:19:28","date_gmt":"2022-12-29T13:19:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/portfolio.glazboteka.com\/kcm\/?p=2921"},"modified":"2023-05-29T20:10:50","modified_gmt":"2023-05-29T18:10:50","slug":"kune-odlaze-u-vjecna-lovista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/portfolio.glazboteka.com\/kcm\/kune-odlaze-u-vjecna-lovista\/","title":{"rendered":"Kune odlaze u vje\u010dna lovi\u0161ta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Uskoro se zauvijek opra\u0161tamo s njom, svojom valutom. Pro\u010deprkat \u0107emo zato pro\u0161lost kako bismo je dostojno ispratili u vje\u010dna lovi\u0161ta. Hrvatski novac s otisnutim likom \u017eivotinjice kune pojavio se u 13. stolje\u0107u. Taj se novac kovao u Pakracu od 1256. do 1260. te poslije u Zagrebu do 1384. godine. Srebrnjaci promjera 15 milimetara na licu prikazuju, izme\u0111u dvije zvjezdice, kunu u trku \u2013 znak Slavonije, te njezin grb, a uokolo je latinski natpis. Na nali\u010dju je dvostruki kri\u017e, a ispod kri\u017ea dvije okrunjene glave okrenute jedna prema drugoj. U visini donje grede kri\u017ea ozna\u010deni su vjerojatno kovnica ili ime kralja \u2013 hercega ili bana, do\u010dim je u visini gornje grede kri\u017ea polumjesec i zvijezda, a to je stari grb Slavonije. Pisani dokumenti navode nazive denarii Zagrabiensis<\/em>, denarii banalis<\/em> te moneta usualis<\/em>. Nije poznato kako je puk toga vremena nazivao taj novac. Granice vlade slavonskih banova bile su i granice kolanja tog novca, i to na sjeveru od rijeke Drave i Dunava, a na jugu od Velike i Male Kapele, zajedno s cijelom Bosanskom Posavinom. Taj je novac kolao i u Bosni, jer bosanski banovi nisu kovali novac.<\/p>\n

Ban Pavle namjerno imitirao gro\u0161eve<\/strong>
\nNajmo\u0107niji \u010dlan plemi\u0107ke obitelji \u0160ubi\u0107a Bribirskih bio je ban Pavao (1273. \u2013 1312.), koji je nakon hrvatskih kraljeva jedini uspio okupiti i politi\u010dki ujediniti najve\u0107i dio nekada\u0161nje hrvatske dr\u017eave te zavladati podru\u010djem od Jadranskog mora do Drine. Ta je dr\u017eava obuhva\u0107ala dotada\u0161nju Hrvatsku, Dalmaciju, Bosnu i dio Humske zemlje (osim Slavonije). Iz njegovih povelja doznajemo da plemstvu dodjeljuje posjede. Snagu i mo\u0107 iskazao je i prisvajanjem vladarskog prava na vlastiti novac. Tako su Hrvatska i Dalmacija gospodarski i monetarno bile neovisne od Ugarske.<\/p>\n

Od 11. do 13. stolje\u0107a u spisima i nalazima javljaju se prvo samo bizantski, a poslije i mleta\u010dki novac. Novac bana Pavla bio je imitacija tada\u0161njih mleta\u010dkih gro\u0161eva, kako bi lak\u0161e bio neprimjetno stavljen u optjecaj. Na novcu je posvuda na prvome mjestu ime DVX PAVL, dolje BAN MLADEN ozna\u010dava njegova brata Mladena, prvog bosanskog bana, a ostali novac s natpisom MLADEN SECVNDVS ozna\u010dava Pavlova sina Mladena, drugog bosanskog bana iz obitelji \u0160ubi\u0107.<\/p>\n

Dubrovnik sa 14 vrsta novca<\/strong>
\nGrb kraljevine Slavonije, objavljen 1496. godine poveljom kralja Vladislava II., ima dvije srebrne vrpce (rijeke Drava i Sava) te figuru kune u pokretu, na crvenom polju. Lik kune na slavonski je grb do\u0161ao s lica slavonskih banovaca. Ko\u017ea kune staro je platno sredstvo u Hrvata, a u starom hrvatskom pravu postojao je porez na zemlju koji se pla\u0107ao u kuninim ko\u017eama, tzv. marturina \u2013 od latinskog marturina pensio<\/em>, tj. pla\u0107anje u kuninim ko\u017eama. Rije\u010d martes<\/em> zna\u010di kuna. Poslije se porez pla\u0107ao u novcu.<\/p>\n

Nakon 1361. godine, tj. nakon ukinu\u0107a slavonskog banovca, kuju se pfeninzi, krajcari, florini, taliri, dukati, forinte, dinari, gro\u0161evi, perpere, ak\u010de, altine, i to \u010dine hrvatski i bosanski vladari \u2013 banovi, vojvode, grofovi.<\/p>\n

Najdulju djelatnost kovanja novca u hrvatskoj povijesti imala je Dubrova\u010dka Republika, od 1337. do 1803. godine, s \u010detrnaest vrsta srebrnog i bakrenog novca razli\u010dite veli\u010dine, te\u017eine i s razli\u010ditim likovima. To su mince, soldi, dinari, poludinari, dinari\u0107i, artikule, perperi, poluperperi, \u0161kude, polu\u0161kude, taliri, libertini, dukati i dr.<\/p>\n

Od denara do banice<\/strong>
\nNa hrvatskim prostorima novac se pojavio jo\u0161 u razdoblju prije Krista. Taj je novac bio gr\u010dki, a kovao se u gr\u010dkim trgova\u010dkim naseljima na otocima Jadranskog mora \u2013 kolonijama. Tu ubrajamo i ilirski novac, koji je kovan negdje u dolini Neretve ili na otoku Hvaru, zatim barbarski novac, ilirsko-keltskog porijekla, kovan u sjevernoj Hrvatskoj i Srijemu.<\/p>\n

Denar \u2013 prvi hrvatski novac<\/strong>
\nU kasnijem razdoblju u Dalmaciji i Panoniji kuje se rimski novac. Od 7. stolje\u0107a, razdoblja naseljavanja Hrvata na ove prostore, ne kuje se hrvatski novac jer u optjecaju postoji bizantski novac dobre kvalitete, od zlata, srebra i bakra. Taj je novac u upotrebi i nakon 1102. godine, tj. nakon stvaranja personalne unije Hrvatske i Ugarske. Na \u010delu je hrvatske samouprave, kao predstavnik kraljevske vlasti, herceg ili ban, \u010dije je pravo kovanje vlastita novca.<\/p>\n

Najstariji novac u svih ju\u017enih Slavena pojavljuje se krajem 12. stolje\u0107a. Vladar koji ga kuje jest herceg Andrija (1196. \u2013 1204.). To je prvi hrvatski novac \u2013 denar, srebrni nov\u010di\u0107. Naj\u010de\u0161\u0107i motivi bili su poprsje hercega, elementi slavonskoga grba, polumjesec i \u0161esterokraka zvijezda, i kule. Tako je isticana autonomnost hrvatske kraljevine u personalnoj uniji s Ma\u0111arskom.<\/p>\n

Bela IV. propisao kvalitetu<\/strong>
\nNovac se po\u010dinje kovati svake godine od vladavine Bele IV. (1235. \u2013 1270.). Od tada novac biva slabije kvalitete. No Bela IV. odre\u0111uje da se slavonski novac kuje na vi\u0161e godina, iste te\u017eine, veli\u010dine te fino\u0107e srebra. Time Hrvatska dobiva kvalitetniji novac: slavonsku banicu ili banovac, kovan od 1236. do 1361. godine.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Toliko o starome, treba se veseliti novome. Od 1. sije\u010dnja, ve\u0107 znate, hrvatska valuta bit \u0107e euro, a kuna odlazi u povijest. Ili barem u formalin, jer nikad se ne zna… Vidjeli smo, zara\u0111ivali su se i tro\u0161ili ovdje pfeninzi, krajcari, florini, taliri, dukati, forinte i gro\u0161evi, sa stranim se novcem dobro snalazimo. Ionako kune poodavno pretvaramo u eure da doznamo koliko \u0161to doista ko\u0161ta, od gitare i poja\u010dala do auta ili stana. Na mnogo na\u010dina, nije nam to nikakva promjena.<\/p>\n

Tihomir Mr\u0161i\u0107<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hrvatski novac s otisnutim likom \u017eivotinjice kune pojavio se u 13. stolje\u0107u. Taj se novac kovao u Pakracu od 1256. do 1260. te poslije u Zagrebu do 1384. godine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2934,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[2879,2880,2885,2895,2894,2896,2876,2884,2874,2872,2875,2877,2871,2892,2893,2890,2881,2891,2878,2886,2870,2883,2887,2889,2888,2882,2897,2873],"class_list":["post-2921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-drustvo","tag-akce","tag-altine","tag-artikule","tag-banica","tag-banovac","tag-denar","tag-dinari","tag-dinarici","tag-dukati","tag-florini","tag-forinte","tag-grosevi","tag-krajcari","tag-kuna","tag-kune","tag-libertini","tag-mince","tag-novac","tag-perpere","tag-perperi","tag-pfeninzi","tag-poludinari","tag-poluperperi","tag-poluskude","tag-skude","tag-soldi","tag-srebrni-novcic","tag-taliri","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nKune odlaze u vje\u010dna lovi\u0161ta - KCM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hrvatski novac s otisnutim likom \u017eivotinjice kune pojavio se u 13. stolje\u0107u. 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